Colorado Department of agriculturE 
Animal Industry Health Division
8 ccr 1201-19
livestock disease control
Definitions:
The following definitions apply to all parts of 8 CCR 1201-19 below except where any part has a definition that is more specific in which case the specific controls over the general. 
1.	“Accredited Veterinarian” means an individual who is currently licensed and in good standing with a veterinary licensing board or agency in any state of the United States or the District of Columbia to practice veterinary medicine and is accredited by the United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services.
2.	“Administrator” means The Administrator, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, or any person authorized to act for the Administrator.
3.	“Animal and Plant Health Inspection Services (APHIS)” means the agency in the United States Department of Agriculture known as the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service. 
 4.	“Certificate of veterinary inspection (CVI)” means an official document issued by an accredited veterinarian at the point of origin of a shipment of livestock. The document shall include the date, the physical location of origin, the name and mailing address of the consignor; the physical location of destination, the name and mailing address of the consignee; the age, sex, number, and breed of the livestock; sufficient identifying marks, tags or other identification as may be approved by the State Veterinarian, to positively identify livestock; and the results of all required tests. Such document shall also include a statement verifying that the livestock identified on the document have been inspected and that they are free from clinical signs of any contagious, infectious, or communicable diseases and that the livestock do not originate from an area of quarantine, infestation, or infection. A certificate of veterinary inspection is valid for thirty (30) days after the date of issuance.
5.	“Hold Order” means a written notice issued by the Commissioner of Agriculture or his designee ordering that livestock not move from a designated area, premises, county, or section of the state, pending the confirmation of laboratory testing. 
6.	“Infectious or contagious disease” means a disease of livestock caused by a virus, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, internal or external parasite or prion.
7.	"Livestock" means cattle, horses, mules, burros, sheep, poultry, swine, llama, cervids, bison and goats, regardless of use. Livestock includes any animal that is used for working purposes on a farm or ranch, excluding dogs; or that is raised for food or fiber production; and any other animal designated by the Commissioner.
8.	“Location identification number (LID)” means a nationally unique number issued by a state, tribal, or federal animal health authority to a location as determined by the state or tribe in which it is issued. The LID number may be used in conjunction with a producer's own unique livestock production numbering system to provide a nationally unique and herd unique identification number for an animal. It may also be used as a component of a group/lot identification number (GIN). 
9.	“Official eartag” means an identification tag approved by APHIS that bears an official identification number for individual animals. Beginning March 11, 2014, all official eartags manufactured must bear an official eartag shield. Beginning March 11, 2015, all official eartags applied to animals must bear an official eartag shield. The design, size, shape, color, and other characteristics of the official eartag will depend on the needs of the users, subject to the approval of the Administrator. The official eartag must be tamper-resistant and have a high retention rate in the animal.
10.	“Official eartag shield” means the shield‐shaped graphic of the U.S. Route Shield with “U.S.” or the State postal abbreviation or Tribal alpha code imprinted within the shield.
11.	“Official identification device or method” means a means approved by the Administrator of USDA APHIS for applying an official identification number to an animal of a specific species or associating an official identification number with an animal or group of animals of a specific species or otherwise officially identifying an animal or group of animals.
12.	“Official identification number” means a nationally unique number that is permanently associated with an animal or group of animals and that adheres to one of the following systems:
a.	National Uniform Eartagging System (NUES).
b.	Animal identification number (AIN).
c.	Location-based number system.
d.	Flock-based number system.
e.	Any other numbering system approved by the Administrator for the official identification of animals.
13.	“Officially identified” means identified by means of an official identification device or method approved by the Administrator.
14.	"Owner” means the person or entity owning the livestock and the owner’s officers, members, employees, or agents.
15.	“Premises identification number (PIN)” means a nationally unique number assigned by a state, tribal, or Federal animal health authority to a premises that is, in the judgment of the state, tribal, or Federal animal health authority, a geographically distinct location from other premises. The premises identification number is associated with an address, geospatial coordinates, or location descriptors that provide a verifiably unique location. The premises identification number may be used in conjunction with a producer’s own livestock production numbering system to provide a unique identification number for an animal. It may also be used as a component of a group or lot identification number. 
16.	“Quarantine” means a written notice or order issued by the Commissioner of Agriculture or his designee ordering that livestock not move from a designated area, premises, county, or section of the state, pending release of the quarantine by the Commissioner of Agriculture or his designee.
17.	“RFID” means a radio frequency identification device used as individual identification of livestock.
18.	“State Veterinarian” means the veterinarian designated by the Commissioner of the Colorado Department of Agriculture as the director of the Division of Animal Health, Colorado Department of Agriculture.
19.	“Zoological park” means any park, building, cage, enclosure, or other structure or premises in which a live animal or animals are kept for public exhibition or viewing, regardless of compensation.
Part 1:	Standards for Livestock Certificates of Veterinary Inspection
I.	Introduction
A Certificate of Veterinary Inspection (CVI) is an official document approved by the State Veterinarian and issued by an accredited veterinarian to a livestock owner prior to moving livestock across state lines. The CVI insures that livestock have been inspected by an accredited veterinarian and found to be free from clinical signs of infectious or contagious disease. The requirement of obtaining a CVI prior to moving livestock across state lines has been a very important tool in the surveillance and eradication of certain livestock diseases in the United States. Individual state animal health officials determine animal identification and disease testing requirements for potential importation of livestock into their respective states. The CVI document allows for the recording of animal identification and disease testing requirements in an orderly fashion.
II.	Requirements for Certificates of Veterinary Inspection
A.	An official CVI is the legibly completed official form both written and electronically generated and approved by the State Veterinarian of the state of origin and issued by a licensed accredited veterinarian.
B.	Such CVI shall include the date, the physical location of origin, the name and mailing address of the consignor; the physical location of destination, the name and mailing address of the consignee; the age, sex, number, and breed of the livestock; sufficient identifying marks, tags or other identification as may be approved by the State Veterinarian, to positively identify livestock; and the results of all required tests.
C.	Such CVI shall indicate the applicable area, herd, or flock disease status, and required disease test results necessary for importation to the state of destination.
D.	Such CVI shall identify the type of carrier and their name and address. Such CVI shall show the permit number when a permit is required. 
E.	The CVI shall also contain a statement by the accredited veterinarian that such livestock are free from clinical signs of all contagious, infectious, or communicable diseases and do not originate from a premises, district or state of quarantine, infestation or infection. Such statement shall substantially comply with the following: “I certify, as an accredited veterinarian that the above described animals have been inspected by me and that they are not showing signs of infections, contagious, or communicable disease (except where noted). The vaccinations and results of tests are as indicated on the certificate. To the best of my knowledge, the animals listed on this certificate meet the state of destination’s and federal interstate requirements. No further warranty is made or implied.”
F.	A CVI shall be void thirty (30) days after the date of its issuance.
G.	One copy of such certificate shall accompany the livestock. Within seven days after the date of issue, the accredited veterinarian who issued the CVI shall forward a copy of such CVI to the State Veterinarian.
H.	Livestock shall also meet all of USDA’s animal disease traceability requirements.
III.	Colorado Livestock Import Requirements
A.	Livestock imported into Colorado must comply either with the destination state’s regulations or USDA’s animal and disease traceability requirements.
B.	The State Veterinarian may require a statement by the issuing veterinarian concerning certain designated or reportable diseases that may be occurring in the livestock’s state of origin. 
IV.	Colorado Livestock Import Requirements: Exception to Certificate of Veterinary Inspection
A.	Livestock that are imported into Colorado and consigned directly to a federally inspected slaughtering establishment or those moving directly to an approved market in Colorado from a farm of origin that is within the normal trade area for that market may enter into Colorado without a certificate of veterinary inspection. 
B.	Except when imported directly to slaughter, all shipments of chickens, turkeys, and ducks, including hatching eggs, baby chicks, or turkey poults may be imported into Colorado when:
1.	The shipment originates from flocks or flocks from farms that are actively participating in the National Poultry Improvement Plan; or 
2.	The shipment originates from flocks actively participating in a comparable Pullorum disease control plan administered by the state of origin; or
3.	The shipment is accompanied by a certificate of veterinary inspection that indicates compliance with all required testing.
IV.	Colorado Livestock Export Requirements
A.	Official identification will be required as import regulations of the state of destination or USDA’s animal disease traceability requirements. 
B.	Livestock exported from Colorado must comply either with the destination state’s regulations or USDA’s animal and disease traceability requirements. 
VI.	Non-Livestock, Zoological Park Animals, and Wildlife
A.	Animals consigned to zoological parks in Colorado must be accompanied by a certificate of veterinary inspection.
B.	The State Veterinarian may require any testing or post-entry quarantine requirements, as he deems necessary, for any animal consigned directly to a zoological park.
C.	Dogs and cats imported into Colorado must be accompanied by a certificate of veterinary inspection which, for such animals over three months of age, must indicate a current rabies immunization.
D.	Any non-livestock animal, including wildlife or animal consigned to a zoological park, must also meet any requirements of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service and the Colorado Division of Parks and Wildlife.
VII.	Quarantine for Animals Illegally Entering into Colorado
A.	Animals entering Colorado without a valid CVI or permit number, or both if required, may be held in quarantine at the owner’s expense until released by an authorized representative of the State Veterinarian. Animals under quarantine for noncompliance with this rRule may be released only after the State Veterinarian is satisfied by inspection, testing, treatment, or through observation over time, that the animals are not a threat to Colorado’s livestock industry.
B.	The State Veterinarian may order that an imported animal failing to meet import requirements be returned to its state of origin; consigned directly to slaughter; or confined to a Colorado Approved Feedlot. The person responsible for the livestock at the time of entry shall comply with the State Veterinarian’s order within five working days of its issuance. Any extension to the five-day deadline may be approved in writing and only by the State Veterinarian.
C.	If the owner or owner's agent fails to comply with an order to return livestock to the livestock’s state of origin within the time-frame set forth in Section V.B of this Part 1, the Department may require that the livestock be immediately gathered at the owner's expense to avoid exposure of Colorado livestock. The isolation of said livestock shall be managed according to requirements approved by the State Veterinarian to limit potential disease spread to Colorado livestock. 
D.	The State Veterinarian may require that livestock ordered returned to their state of origin be returned by a commercial livestock conveyance. 
Part 4:	Bovine Tuberculosis
I.	Introduction
Bovine tuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium bovis and can be transmitted from livestock to humans and other animals. Tuberculosis is a chronic disease seldom becoming apparent until it has reached an advanced stage in cattle and other livestock. Some infected livestock can appear to be in good health, showing no clinical signs of disease until they are found to be infected through diagnostic tests or by slaughter inspection. Livestock with tuberculosis develop an immune response which can be detected by a tuberculin skin test. Although young animals and humans can contact the disease by drinking raw milk from infected dams, the most common means of transmission is through inhaling the infectious organism. Tuberculosis lesions may be found in any organ or body cavity of diseased animals. In later stages of the disease nodules or lumps caused by bovine tuberculosis can become evident in the lungs and certain lymph nodes. 
Methods used toward the goal of continued disease eradication in Colorado are tuberculosis testing and a nationwide surveillance program in slaughter plants. State or Federal meat inspectors check the glands and organs of cattle for signs of tuberculosis. If these inspectors find lesions indicative of infection, tissue samples are sent to the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) National Veterinary Services Laboratories (NVSL) in Ames, IA, for further testing. If the laboratory confirms that the lesions are the result of tuberculosis the livestock are traced back through market channels to the originating herd, which is then tuberculin tested. 
II.	Definitions
A.	"Accredited free state" means a state that maintains full compliance with all of the provisions of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Uniform Methods and Rules for bovine tuberculosis eradication and where no evidence of bovine tuberculosis has been disclosed for five (5) or more years and has been classified by the USDA as Accredited Free.
B.	"Accredited herd (cattle, bison, or dairy goats)" means a herd that initially has passed tests negative for at least two (2) consecutive negative caudal fold tuberculin tests at an interval of not less than ten nine (109) months nor more than fourteen fifteen (145) months, and that subsequently tests negative for caudal fold tuberculin tests every thirty three (33) to thirty nine (39) months has no other evidence of bovine tuberculosis and meets the standards of this Part.
C.	"Accredited veterinarian" means a veterinarian licensed by the Colorado Department of Regulatory Agencies, Veterinary Medical Examiners and approved by the USDA in accordance with 9 Code of Federal Regulations § 161 (2002) to perform functions required for state or cooperative state and federal animal disease control and eradication programs.
D.	"Adjacent herd" means a group or groups of animals having potential direct contact with the affected herd. Herds separated by a single fence are considered adjacent herds.
E.	"Affected herd" means a herd of cattle, bison or dairy goats that contains, or has recently contained, one (1) or more animals infected with Mycobacterium bovis and that has not passed the required tests necessary for release from quarantine.
F.	"Annual tests" means those tests conducted at intervals of not less than ten (10) months nor more than fourteen (14) months.
G.	"Auction" means a public sale of cattle, bison or dairy goats to the highest bidder.
H.	"Auctioneer" means a person who sells or makes a business of selling cattle, bison or dairy goats at auction.
I.	"Bison" means a bovine-like animal (genus Bison) commonly referred to as American buffalo or buffalo.
J.	"Bovine Tuberculosis" means a disease in cattle, bison or dairy goats caused by Mycobacterium bovis.
K.	"Cattle" means all domestic bovine (genus Bos).
L.	"Caudal Fold Tuberculin (CFT) Test" means the intradermal injection of 0.1 milliliter of USDA bovine purified protein derivative (PPD) tuberculin into either side of the caudal fold, with reading by visual observation and palpation seventy-two (72) hours (+ or − 6 hours) following injection. Animals or herds of unknown status will not be subjected to a caudal fold retest at intervals of less than sixty (60) days.
M.	"Commission firm" means a person, partnership or corporation that buys and/or sells livestock as a third party and reports to the seller and/or to the buyer details of the transactions. This includes any such person or group regardless of whether or not a fee is charged for the services.
N.	"Commission sales" means those sales that are conducted by a third party who reports to the seller and/or to the buyer details of the transactions.
O.	"Comparative Cervical Tuberculin (CCT) Test" means the intradermal injection of 0.1 milliliter biologically balanced bovine PPD tuberculin and avian PPD tuberculin at separate sites in the cervical area and a determination as to the probable presence of bovine tuberculosis (M. bovis) by comparing the responses of the two (2) tuberculins seventy-two (72) hours (+ or − 6 hours) following injection.
P.	"Dairy goats" means domestic caprine (genus Capra) kept for the purpose of producing milk for human consumption.
Q.	"Dealer" means any person, firm or partnership engaged in the business of buying or selling cattle, bison or dairy goats in commerce, either on his or her own account or as the employee or agent of the vendor and/or purchaser or any person engaged in the business of buying or selling cattle, bison, or dairy goats in commerce on a commission basis. The term shall not include a person who: (1) buys or sells cattle, bison or dairy goats as a part of his or her own bona fide breeding, feeding or dairy operation; (2) is not engaged in negotiating the transfer of cattle, bison or dairy goats; or, (3) receives cattle, bison or dairy goats exclusively for immediate slaughter on his or her own premise.
R.	"Designated Feedlot" means a confined area approved and recorded by the State Veterinarian or authorized agent. The designated feedlot shall be maintained for finish feeding of animals in dry lot with no provisions for pasturing or grazing. Animals leaving such a feedlot must move directly to slaughter and be accompanied by permit and brand inspection. Animals may move from the designated feedlot with appropriate testing approved by the State Veterinarian.
S.	 “Entry permit” means a permit obtained through the Colorado Department of Agriculture for the interstate import or intrastate movement of livestock into Colorado.
T.	"Eradication" means the complete elimination of bovine tuberculosis from cattle and bison in the state so that the disease does not appear unless introduced from another species or from outside the state.
U.	"Exposed animals" means cattle, bison or dairy goats that have been exposed to bovine tuberculosis by reason of associating with known tuberculous animals.
V.	"Feedlot" means a confined dry lot area for the finish feeding of animals on a concentrated feed with no facilities for pasturing or grazing.
W.	"Herd" means a group of cattle, bison or dairy goats maintained on common ground or two (2) or more groups of cattle, bison or dairy goats under common ownership or supervision that are geographically separated but can have an interchange or movement without regard to health status. (A group is construed to mean one (1) or more animals.) For a bovine dairy, the term “herd” shall include all cattle, including beef cattle, that are 12 months of age or older and all calves on the same premises as set forth above in this definition. 
X.	"Herd plan" means a herd management and testing plan designed by a state or federal regulatory veterinarian and the herd owner that will control and eventually eradicate bovine tuberculosis from an affected, adjacent or exposed herd.
Y.	“Hold order” means a written notice or order issued pursuant to Section 35-50-103(5) C.R.S. (2005 Colo. Sess. Laws Chapter 132, page 447) when the results of tests are pending. 
Z.	"Modified accredited state" means a state that is actively participating in the eradication of bovine tuberculosis and that maintains its status in accordance with the provisions of the USDA Uniform Methods and Rules for Bovine Tuberculosis Eradication.
AA.	“National Animal Identification System (NAIS)” means a national program intended to identify specific animals and premises in the United States developed by the USDA, State agencies and the livestock industry. This system is designed to enable traceback of the movements of any diseased or exposed animal.
BB.	"Natural additions" means animals born and raised in a herd.
CC.	"Negative animals" means any cattle, bison or dairy goats that show no response to a tuberculin test or have been classified negative by the testing veterinarian following the application of the Comparative Cervical Tuberculin (CCT).
DD.	"No Gross Lesion (NGL) Animals" means any cattle, bison or dairy goats that do not reveal a lesion(s) of bovine tuberculosis upon postmortem inspection. (An animal with skin lesions alone will be considered in the same category as an NGL animal.)
EE.	"Non-modified accredited State" means a state that has not received accredited free status or modified accredited state status.
FF.	"Official ear tag" means a metal identification eartag that provides unique identification for each individual animal by conforming to the nine (9)-character alpha-numeric national uniform eartagging system or any other unique identification device approved by the Colorado Department of Agriculture.
GG.	"Official Tuberculin Test" means a test for tuberculosis applied and reported by approved personnel in accordance with this Part and the USDA Uniform Methods and Rules for bovine tuberculosis eradication. The official tuberculin tests are the caudal fold test, the comparative cervical test, the single cervical test or any other test that is approved by the USDA.
HH.	"Permit" means an official document (USDA form VS-127) issued by an authorized agent of the Department of Agriculture, a representative of the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Veterinary Services (APHIS VS) or an accredited veterinarian that is required to accompany reactor, suspect, or exposed animals to slaughter. The permit will list the reactor tag or, in the case of suspect animals, an official eartag number; the owner's name and address; origin and destination locations; number of animals covered and the purpose of the movement. If a change in destination becomes necessary, a new permit must be issued by authorized personnel. No diversion from the destination on the permit is allowed.
II.	"Quarantine" means a written notice or order issued by an authorized agent of the Colorado Department of Agriculture showing the boundaries of the area or premises affected, the animals restricted and the conditions, if any. No livestock held under quarantine may be moved or released until a VS-127 permit or quarantine release signed by an authorized agent has been executed.
JJ.	“RFID” means a radio frequency identification device used as individual identification of livestock.
KK.	"Reactor" means any cattle, bison or goat that shows a response to a tuberculin test and is classified a reactor by the testing veterinarian, or any animal that may be classified as a reactor by the designated epidemiologist based on supplemental diagnostic tests results from approved laboratories or other information.
LL.	"Responder" means any cattle, bison or goats that show a response to the caudal fold tuberculin test and are not classified as reactors; and cattle, bison or goats that have demonstrated a response by a CCT.
MM.	"Routine screening tuberculin test" means a caudal fold tuberculin test, or any other test which may be approved by the USDA, conducted as part of an area eradication program in which all responding animals are reported without classification to the State Veterinarian.
NN.	"Single cervical tuberculin test" means the intradermal injection of 0.1 milliliter USDA bovine single cervical PPD tuberculin in the cervical (neck) region with reading by visual observation and palpation in seventy-two (72) hours (+ or − 6 hours) following injection.
OO.	"Suspect" means any cattle, bison or goats that have been classified as a suspect by a comparative cervical test.
PP.	"Tuberculin" means a product that is approved by and produced under USDA license for injection into cattle, bison or goats for the purpose of detecting bovine tuberculosis.
QQ.	“Uniform Methods and Rules (UM&R)” for Bovine Tuberculosis Eradication shall mean the standards set forth by the USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS Bulletin No. 91-45-011) which are effective January 1, 2005. 
RR.	“USDA Premises Identification Number” means a unique identification number allocated to an owner’s facility or premises by the USDA national repository under the National Animal Identification System.
SS.	“VS -127 permit” means the official USDA Veterinary Services form used in transportation under sealed conveyance. A state or federal animal health official seals the conveyance at its origin and breaks the seal only at destination. 
III.	Authority to Require Test
A.	The State Veterinarian, or any accredited veterinarian as defined by USDA-APHIS and working under the State Veterinarian’s direction, upon epidemiological evidence and/or surveillance testing resulting in reliable information that tuberculosis exists in any bovine, bison or goats, or that any of these animals may have been exposed to tuberculosis, may cause the tuberculin test to be applied to such animals. 
B.	Should the owner or caretaker refuse or neglect to comply with the instructions of the accredited veterinarian, the State Veterinarian or his/her duly authorized representative or authorized agent, said animals shall be placed under a hold order to prohibit the movement of any animals from said premises. 
1.	The hold order shall be issued by an authorized agent of the Colorado Department of Agriculture showing the boundaries of the area or premises affected, the animals restricted and the conditions. 
2.	The livestock shall be held under a hold order until testing has been completed at which time animals will be released from the hold order or quarantined based on the test results.
C.	The State Veterinarian reserves the right to supervise, or have supervised, any test conducted by an accredited veterinarian.
IV.	Personnel Authorized to Apply Tuberculin Tests
A.	Tuberculin tests shall be applied by a veterinarian employed as a full-time state or federal regulatory veterinarian or by an accredited veterinarian 
B.	Animal technicians employed by state or federal governments and approved by said governments may conduct routine screening tuberculin tests when directly supervised by state or federal veterinarians. 
V.	Reporting of Tests
A.	A report, by the official USDA test form of all tuberculin tests, including the date of injecting and palpating, individual identification of each animal by eartag number, electronic identification, individual permanent numerical brand, or registration tattoo, age, sex, and breed and a record of the size of the response and test interpretation, shall be submitted to the Colorado Department of Agriculture, Animal Industry Division, 700 Kipling Street, Suite 4000, Lakewood, CO 80215 within ten (10) days of the date the test is read. 
VI.	Approved Laboratories
A.	The primary laboratory for all tuberculosis diagnostic purposes shall be the National Veterinary Services Laboratories (NVSL), Ames, Iowa. 
VII.	Identification
A.	All animals tested shall be individually identified by official eartag, official electronic identification, individual tattoo, individual permanent numerical brand or any other identification method approved by the State Veterinarian at the time of the initiation of testing.
B.	All premises where testing for tuberculosis occurs shall have a USDA premises identification number registered in the NAIS premises repository.
C.	Animals tested to be moved in channels of trade shall be individually and uniquely identified and in accordance with the NAIS standards and may include RFID technology or any other identification system approved by the State Veterinarian.
VIII.	Dealers and Record Keeping
A.	All dealers, auction markets and commission firms shall keep sufficient records for a minimum of five (5) years of all animals purchased for resale to enable any authorized agent to trace such animals satisfactorily to their herd of origin and to their disposition at the time of sale. 
B.	These records shall be made available to any authorized agent of the Colorado Department of Agriculture for the purpose of inspection or photocopying during normal business hours. 
C.	Failure to maintain or provide adequate records shall constitute a violation of this rRule.
IX.	Initial Diagnostic Tests
A.	The caudal fold test, or any other test approved by the USDA, is the official tuberculin test for routine use in individual cattle, bison or dairy goats in herds of such animals where the tuberculosis status of the animals is unknown.
B.	Animals that respond to the caudal fold test shall be placed under a hold order until the responding animals are tested with a supplemental test. 
C.	The supplemental test must be conducted within 10 days of the caudal fold test or after 60 days. 
D.	No animal with a response to a caudal fold test is eligible for intrastate or interstate movement unless said animal is subsequently classified "negative for M. bovis" based on an official comparative cervical test or other new testing technology as stated in Section XII.D. or accompanied by a VS-127 permit and consigned direct to slaughter with no diversion from the approved destination.
X.	Caudal Fold Test Interpretation
A.	When testing herds not known to be infected with Mycobacterium bovis, Accredited Veterinarians using the caudal fold test shall classify the animals as "responders" if the test produces a response. The animal(s) shall be retested by a state or federal veterinarian.
B.	Decisions regarding tuberculin test interpretations will be based upon the professional judgment of the testing veterinarian in accordance with policies established by the cooperating state and federal officials.
C.	The injection site on each animal shall be observed and palpated. Observation without palpation is not acceptable and shall constitute a violation of these rRules. 
XI.	Supplemental Diagnostic Tests
A.	The comparative cervical test (CCT), or any other test approved by the USDA and State Veterinarian, is the official tuberculin test for retesting of responders. 
B.	The CCT shall be applied only by a full-time state or federal regulatory veterinarian and shall not be used in known infected herds. 
C.	The CCT shall not be used as a primary test for animals of unknown status.
D.	The Gamma interferon test may be used as a confirmatory test when approved by the State Veterinarian. 
XII.	Classification of Supplemental Testing in Cattle, Bison and Goats
A.	CCT responses shall be recorded and plotted on the CCT scattergram. Classification shall be according to the zone in which the animal is plotted on the scattergram. Animals plotting in the negative zone may be reclassified as negative. Animals may be classified as a suspect or reactor according to their plotted response on the scattergram. 
B.	Animals classified as reactors shall not be retested or reclassified. An animal in the suspect zone on two successive comparative cervical tests will be classified as a reactor and appropriate identification applied. 
C.	Animals classified as suspects to the comparative cervical test shall be reclassified as reactors when included in a herd test that results in the confirmation of bovine tuberculosis in the herd.
D.	Animals classified as reactor shall have, and suspects may have a post mortem performed and witnessed by a regulatory veterinarian. Appropriate tissue samples shall be submitted for laboratory examination at the NVSL. If the animal fails to demonstrate infection based on the lack of gross or microscopic evidence of bovine tuberculosis or other approved diagnostic tests, the herd may be considered free of bovine tuberculosis.
E.	In the event new technology and advancements provide alternative testing procedures, which are approved by the USDA, the State Veterinarian may alter testing procedures listed above to conform and utilize the new approved methods and tests.
XIII.	Disposition of Supplemental Test Responding Cattle, Bison and Goats
A.	Suspect and reactor animals shall remain on the premises where they were disclosed until a VS-127 permit for movement has been obtained. 
B.	Movement for immediate slaughter will be directly to a slaughtering establishment where approved state or federal inspection is maintained within fifteen (15) days of classification. 
C.	Alternatively, the animals may be destroyed under the direct supervision of a regulatory veterinarian to insure that a proper post mortem examination can be conducted and that the carcass is disposed of according to methods approved of in the tuberculosis Code of Federal Regulations. 
D.	Suspects to the comparative cervical test shall remain under a hold order until:
1.	They are retested by the comparative cervical test in sixty (60) days, or
2.	Shipped under VS-127 permit directly to slaughter.
XIV.	Quarantine Procedures
A.	Herds where only responder or suspect animals are disclosed shall be quarantined on the premises until retested and classified negative or shipped directly to slaughter under VS-127 permit accompanied by a state or federal veterinarian in order to collect samples. 
B.	All herds in which reactor animals are shown to be infected through confirmatory tests shall be quarantined. Movement for immediate slaughter must be directly to an approved slaughtering establishment, under a VS-127 permit, where federal inspection is administered. Animals must be identified by official eartags or other individual unique identification as may be required by the State Veterinarian. Addition of animals shall be allowed only upon the approval of the State Veterinarian.
C.	The sale of calves from quarantined herds shall be restricted. All calves that have passed a caudal fold tuberculin test within sixty (60) days may be permitted to move intrastate to a Designated Feedlot. 
D.	Herds in which Mycobacterium bovis infection has been confirmed shall remain under quarantine if not depopulated and must pass two tuberculin tests of intervals of at least sixty (60) days and one (1) additional test after one hundred eighty (180) days. All animals moved from the farm shall be shipped directly to slaughter and shall be accompanied by a VS-127 permit issued by a state or federal representative.
E.	Herds in which only NGL reactor(s) occur and in which no evidence of Mycobacterium bovis infection has been disclosed may be released from quarantine.
XV.	Identification of Reactor Cattle, Bison and Goats
A.	Reactor cattle and bison shall be identified by branding the letter "T" on the tail head, not less than two (2) inches wide, nor less than three (3) inches high, and by tagging with an approved metal eartag bearing a serial number and inscription “US reactor”, or a similar state approved reactor tag suitably attached to the left ear of each animal. 
B.	Reactor goats shall be identified by tagging with an approved metal eartag bearing a serial number and inscription “US reactor”, or a similar state approved reactor tag suitably attached to the left ear of each animal.
XVI.	Identification of Exposed Cattle, Bison and Goats 
A.	Exposed cattle and bison shall be identified by branding the letter "S" on the tail head not less than two (2) inches wide nor less than three (3) inches high and by tagging with an approved metal eartag bearing a serial number attached to either ear of each animal. 
B.	In lieu of branding, such animals may be accompanied to an approved slaughter facility by a state or federal representative or be shipped in vehicles closed with official seals. 
C.	Exposed goats shall be identified by tagging with a serial number metal eartag attached to either ear. 
D.	All such animals to be destroyed shall be transported to the place of destruction in vehicles closed with official seals or shall be accompanied to the place of destruction by a state or federal representative. 
E.	The above conditions prevail provided that animals destroyed and disposed of under the direct supervision of a state or federal representative on the premises where the animals were exposed do not require individual identification. 
XVII.	Diagnostic Tests in Exposed or Affected Herds
A.	The single cervical test is for use in herds affected with bovine tuberculosis and for testing exposed cattle, bison, or goats from such herds. It shall be applied only by a full-time state or federal regulatory veterinarian.
B.	The caudal fold test is a primary diagnostic test when used in herds affected with bovine tuberculosis in lieu of the single cervical test. It shall be applied only by a full-time state or federal regulatory veterinarian. Animals responding to the test shall be classified as reactors. 
C.	In the event new technology and advancements provide alternative testing procedures, which are approved by the USDA, the State Veterinarian may alter testing procedures listed above to conform and utilize the new approved methods and test.
XVIII.	Procedures in Affected Herds 
A.	Disclosure of tuberculosis in any herd shall be followed by a complete epidemiologic investigation and written report. 
B.	All cattle, goats, and/or bison in herds from which tuberculosis cattle, goats, and/or bison originate, and all cattle, goats, and/or bison that are known to have been associated with affected cattle, goats and/or bison, shall be tested or an approved herd plan must be on file within thirty (30) days of the date disclosed. 
C.	These procedures shall apply to adjacent and contact herds as well as to the evaluation and testing of possible source herds for the affected herd. 
D.	Herds that have received exposed animals shall be tested following the slaughter or testing of exposed animals. 
E.	Every effort shall be made to insure the immediate elimination of the disease from all species of domestic livestock on the premise. 
F.	The first consideration in affected herds is the depopulation of the entire herd. If depopulation cannot be accomplished, the herd shall be handled following the quarantine procedures as outlined under Section XIV.
XIX.	Procedures in Tuberculosis Infected Feedlots
 A.	A tuberculosis infected feedlot shall be handled in the same manner as an affected herd in regard to epidemiologic investigation and the development of epidemiologic tracings for animal movements into and out of the feedlot. 
B.	Emphasis on investigations and testing shall be to detect possible spread from the feedlot. Cattle and bison in feedlots known to be exposed to tuberculous cattle or bison shall be quarantined and shipped under VS-127 permit directly to slaughter. 
C.	Feedlots or portions of feedlots, which have contained affected and exposed cattle or bison, may be vacated, cleaned and disinfected following removal of such cattle or bison to slaughter.
XX.	Cleaning and Disinfection of Premises, Conveyances and Materials
A.	All cleaning and disinfection shall be completed according to Code of Federal Regulations 9 procedures approved by the State Veterinarian.
XXI.	Minimum Standards for Accreditation and Reaccreditation of Tuberculosis Accredited Cattle, Dairy Herds or Bison Herds
A.	The minimum standards for accreditation and reaccreditation of tuberculosis accredited cattle and bison herds are as follows:
1.	All animals must pass two (2) consecutive negative official tuberculin tests not less than ten (10) months nor more than fourteen (14) months apart of all test eligible animals. Test eligible animals include all cattle or bison twelve (12) months of age and older and all animals other than natural additions under twelve (12) months of age. Natural additions become test eligible at twelve (12) months.
2.	All animals in the herd to be accredited must be uniquely individually identified by an official metal eartag, electronic identification, registration tattoo or individual permanent numerical brand.
3.	Movement of cattle into an accredited herd must be:
a)	From an accredited free herd within a state with tuberculosis free status without test;
b)	From a herd in an accredited free state, with a test required on all cattle 6 months or older, within 60 days prior to entry;
c)	Cattle from any state or area with less than free status must originate from an accredited herd. Individual animal(s) shall be tested negative sixty (60) days prior to entering the premise and be kept in isolation and retested negative sixty (60) days following entry.
4.	Animals added under Section XXI.A.3.b) and c) shall not receive new herd status for sale purposes until they have been a herd member for at least sixty (60) days and are included in a complete herd test.
5.	All additions, both purchased and natural, will be uniquely and individually identified and included as herd members for annual retest.
6.	Accurate records on each individual animal must be kept, including disposal and/or death of each animal, natural additions and purchased additions.
7.	Accreditation, except for a bovine dairy herd, is valid for a twelve (12) month period. The original date of accreditation will serve as the herd's official accreditation date.
8.	Reaccreditation shall require a negative test of all test eligible herd members not less than ten (10) nor more than fourteen (14) months from the official accreditation date. All animals must be bona fide members of the herd. 
9.	No evidence of bovine tuberculosis may be disclosed in the herd for the purposes of accreditation or reaccreditation.
B.	All dairy herds must be tuberculosis accredited or reaccredited between 33 and 39 months after any initial accreditation. The minimum standards for accreditation and reaccreditation of tuberculosis accredited dairy herds are as follows:
1.	Initial tuberculosis accreditation involves testing all cattle in the dairy herd, including any beef cattle and calves comingling, greater than 12 months of age. 
2.	All animals in the herd to be accredited must be uniquely individually identified by an official metal eartag, electronic identification, registration tattoo or individual permanent numerical brand.
3.	Movement of cattle, including replacement cattle, into an accredited herd must be:
a)	From a herd in an accredited free state, with a test required on all cattle 6 months or older, within 60 days prior to entry or;
b)	Cattle from any state or area with less than free status must originate from an accredited herd. Individual animal(s) shall be tested negative sixty (60) days prior to entering the premises.
4.	All additions, both purchased and natural, will be uniquely and individually identified and included as herd members for retest.
5.	Accurate records on each individual animal must be kept, including disposal and/or death of each animal, natural additions and purchased additions.
6.	Accreditation is valid for three years unless tuberculosis is diagnosed in the herd after any initial accreditation. The Department may issue a TB Accreditation certificate to any bovine dairy herd owner whose herd meets these standards of TB Accreditation.
7.	No evidence of bovine tuberculosis may be disclosed in the herd for the purposes of accreditation or reaccreditation.
 XXII.	Minimum Standards for Accreditation and Reaccreditation of Tuberculosis Accredited Goat Herds
A.	Minimum standards for accreditation and reaccreditation of tuberculosis accredited goat herds are as follows:
1.	Testing of herds for accreditation or reaccreditation shall include all goats over six (6) months of age and any animals other than natural additions under six (6) months of age. All natural additions shall be individually identified and recorded on the test report as members of the herd at the time of the annual test.
2.	Herd additions must originate directly from one of the following:
a)	Accredited herd, or
b)	Herd in an accredited free state, or
c)	Herd in a modified accredited area that has passed a herd test of all animals over six (6) months of age within 12 months, and the individual animals for addition were negative to the official tuberculin test conducted within 60 days.
3.	Animals added under Section XXII.A.2.b) and c) shall not receive accredited herd status for sale purposes until they have been members of the herd at least 60 days and are included in a herd retest.
4.	Reaccreditation shall require a negative test of all test eligible herd members not less than ten (10) nor more than fourteen (14) months from the official accreditation date. All animals must be bona fide members of the herd.
5.	No evidence of bovine tuberculosis may be disclosed in the herd for the purposes of accreditation or reaccreditation.
XXIII.	Interstate Importation of Cattle or Bison
A.	All dairy cattle six (6) months and older shall be tested and negative for tuberculosis prior to entry into Colorado.
B.	All dairy cattle that are less than six (6) months of age at the time of importation into Colorado, must be identified to their birth premises; which shall include premises identification and a unique individual identification that conforms to the NAIS and is a RFID. 
C.	Dairy cattle less than 6 months of age that are imported into Colorado shall:
1.	Have a valid Certificate of Veterinary Inspection;
2.	Have an entry permit;
3.	Be placed on a hold order, until tested for tuberculosis at greater than 6 months and less than 7 months of age, the hold order shall be in effect until tuberculosis test results are reported to the State Veterinarian and all animals tested are negative.
D.	Sexually intact beef cattle six (6) months and older from states with less than a Accredited free state shall be tuberculosis tested and negative to the test prior to entry into Colorado.
E.	Feeder cattle from states with less than free status may be imported to Designated Feedlots without test. 
XXIV.	International Importation of Sexually Intact Livestock from Areas Without Recognized Status
A.	All sexually intact cattle, goats, and bison, from any foreign country or part thereof with no recognized tuberculosis status comparable to the UM&R standards for Bovine Tuberculosis Eradication, shall not be allowed to enter Colorado unless imported for immediate slaughter and unless the owner of such animals;
1.	Obtains an entry permit issued by the Colorado Department of Agriculture; 
2.	Obtains a VS-127 permit issued by the Colorado Department of Agriculture prior to entry; and
3.	Consigns those animals directly to an approved slaughter establishment. 
XXV.	Importation of Steers and Spayed Heifers from Mexico
A.	Owners of steers and spayed heifers from Mexican states, that have been determined by the State Veterinarian, to have fully implemented the Control/Preparatory Phase of tuberculosis eradication in accordance with 9 CFR 93.427 (c) may enter Colorado provided they have been tested negative for tuberculosis in accordance with the USDA UM&R standards within 60 days prior to entry into the United States and obtain a telephone entry permit prior to entering Colorado.
B.	Owners of steers and spayed heifers from Mexican states and areas which have not met the criteria above must show evidence that the herd of origin has had a complete herd test in the last 12 months and that there was no evidence of tuberculosis in that herd. The animals crossing into the United States and destined for Colorado must be retested prior to arriving in Colorado.
C.	All dairy and dairy-cross steers and spayed heifers from Mexico are prohibited from entering Colorado regardless of test history.
D.	Rodeo and roping stock from Mexico must be tested negative for tuberculosis between 60 and 90 days after entry into the United States and prior to their utilization as rodeo or roping stock by a U.S. accredited veterinarian, or State or Federal animal health official. Retesting for tuberculosis is required every 12 months thereafter. Such stock qualified by testing above may be imported into Colorado only after obtaining a telephone entry permit. No sexually intact rodeo stock from Mexico will be permitted into Colorado.
Part 8:	Swine Health, Pseudorabies, and Brucellosis
I.	Introduction
Pseudorabies is a viral disease most prevalent in swine that can also affect cattle, horses, dogs, cats, sheep, and goats. The disease is caused by an extremely contagious herpesvirus that causes reproductive problems, including abortion, stillbirths, and even occasional death losses in breeding and finishing hogs. The disease often causes newborn pigs to die and older pigs can survive infection, becoming carriers of the pseudorabies virus for life. Other animals infected from swine can die from pseudorabies, which is also known as Aujeszky's disease and "mad itch." Infected cattle and sheep can first show signs of pseudorabies by scratching and biting themselves. The virus does not cause illness in humans. Pseudorabies is primarily spread through direct animal-to-animal (or nose-to-nose) contact between an infected and a noninfected pig. If present on inanimate objects, such as boots, clothing, feed, trucks, and equipment, the virus can also spread from herd to herd and farm to farm.
Swine brucellosis is caused by a bacteria, Brucella suis. Brucella suis is usually spread mainly by ingestion of infected tissues or wastes. Common manifestations of brucellosis in swine are abortion, temporary or permanent sterility, orchitis, lameness, posterior paralysis, spondylitis, and occasionally metritis and abscess formation in extremities or other areas of the body. Infected boars may transmit the disease during service; the organism can be recovered from semen. Pigs raised for breeding purposes are sources of infection. Suckling pigs may become infected from sows, but most reach weanling age without becoming infected.
The feeding of uncooked garbage to swine can transmit infectious diseases including Trichinosis, Erysipelas, Vesicular Exanthema, and other diseases. Therefore, either appropriate cooking of garbage or consideration of other food sources are prudent disease prevention controls. 
II.	Definitions
A.	"Accredited veterinarian" means a veterinarian licensed by the Colorado Board of Veterinary Medical Examiners and approved by the Deputy Administrator of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) in accordance with 9 Code of Federal Regulations § 161 (2002) to perform functions required for state or cooperative state and federal animal disease control and eradication programs.
B.	“Breeding swine” means all swine six (6) months of age or older being kept for reproductive purposes. 
C.	“Brucellosis” means a disease in swine caused by Brucella suis.
D.	“Certificate of veterinary inspection” means an official document issued by an accredited veterinarian at the point of origin of a shipment of swine. It shall include the name and address of the consignor; the name and address of the consignee; the entry permit number, if applicable; the age, sex, number, and breed of the swine; sufficient identifying marks, tags or other identification as may approved by the State Veterinarian, to positively identify each pig; and the results of all required tests. It shall also include a record of an inspection of the swine verifying that each pig is free from visible evidence of any contagious, infectious, or communicable diseases and that the swine do not originate from an area of quarantine, infestation, or infection. A certificate of veterinary inspection is valid for thirty (30) days after the date of issuance.
E.	“Cooked garbage” means garbage that has been heated throughout to boiling or equivalent temperature for a period of 30 minutes or heated according to any other method specifically approved by the Department.
EF.	"Entry permit" means official permit from the State Veterinarian obtained prior to moving swine into Colorado. An entry permit may be obtained by telephone and is valid for thirty (30) days after the date of issuance.
FG.	"Exposed swine" means swine that have been in contact with, associated with, or adjacent, within a one (1) mile radius, to any animal known to be pseudorabies positive swine. 
GH.	"Feeder swine" means swine intended to be fed to a finished slaughter weight and not intended for breeding or exhibition.
I.	“Garbage” means waste consisting in whole or in part of animal waste resulting from handling, preparing, cooking, and consuming of food, including the offal from animal carcasses or parts thereof, but excluding such waste from ordinary household operations which is fed directly to swine on the same premises.
HJ.	"Herd" means one or more swine maintained on common ground and includes all swine under common ownership or supervision that are geographically separated.
IK.	"Hold" means a temporary order issued by the State Veterinarian when an infectious or contagious disease is suspected in swine to isolate any swine to a premises or specified area pending completion of testing.
JL.	"Identification" means a permanent ear tag or other method approved by the Colorado Department of Agriculture that provides unique identification for each animal.
KM.	“Infected herd" means a herd in which an animal has been determined to be infected with pseudorabies using an official pseudorabies test. 
LN.	"Isolation" means the separation of swine by a physical barrier in such a manner that other swine do not have access to the isolated swine's body, excrement, or discharges. Owners of swine kept in isolation shall be subject to a herd plan approved by the State Veterinarian that considers biosecurity appropriate to the premises.
MO.	"Official pseudorabies test" means a test approved by the USDA to be conducted on swine for the diagnosis of pseudorabies and performed in a laboratory approved by the State Veterinarian.
NP.	"Pseudorabies" means the infectious and communicable disease of livestock and other animals also known as Aujeszky's disease, mad itch, or infectious bulbar paralysis.
OQ.	“National Animal Identification System (NAIS)” means a national program intended to identify specific animals and premises in the United States developed by the USDA, State agencies and the livestock industry. This system is designed to enable traceback of the movements of any diseased or exposed animal.
PR.	“Quarantine” means an order issued by the State Veterinarian when testing has confirmed the presence of disease in swine and which order isolates specific swine to a premises or specific area and restricts their movement unless otherwise permitted by the state. 
S.	“Raw garbage” means garbage that has not been heated throughout to boiling or equivalent temperature for 30 minutes, or heated according to a method specifically approved by the Department.
QT.	“Stage V Free status” means a state or area that has been designated as free of pseudorabies.
RU.	“Uniform Methods and Rules (UM&R)” for Swine Brucellosis Control/Eradication shall mean the standards set forth by the USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS Bulletin No. 91-55-042) issued April 1, 1998.
SV.	“Uniform Methods and Rules (UM&R)” for Pseudorabies Eradication shall mean the standards set forth by the USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS Bulletin No. 91-55-071) which are effective November 1, 2003.
III.	Test Positive Swine, Quarantine and Disposition
A.	Any swine herd found to have positive animals to the serum neutralization test or any other approved recognized test for pseudorabies shall be placed under quarantine by the State Veterinarian or his authorized representative. 
B.	A hold shall be placed on any herd when epidemiological evidence indicates that adjacent, traceforward, or traceback movements have occurred from an infected herd. 
C.	Such herd shall be depopulated. Indemnity shall be paid if state or federal funding is available. 
D.	Positive animals and herd mates shall be shipped for immediate slaughter or depopulated and disposed of in an appropriate manner and in accordance with the UM&R.
IV.	Swine Imports into Colorado
A.	An entry permit number and certificate of veterinary inspection are required on all shipments of swine except for swine consigned for immediate slaughter. Only an accredited veterinarian may obtain a swine entry permit.
B.	All feeding and breeding swine shall be individually identified or have an NAIS group identification and the identification shall be shown on the certificate of veterinary inspection. The NAIS premises identification of both premises of origin and destination must be shown on the certificate of veterinary inspection. The following statement must be placed on the certificate of veterinary inspection for swine originating from states with less than Stage V Free status by the issuing veterinarian: "The swine listed on this certificate are under quarantine for 30 days and are to be kept separate and apart from all other swine." This statement is not required for exhibition swine. 
C.	Breeding swine shall be accompanied with an official certificate of veterinary inspection (health certificate) issued within thirty days of importation into Colorado. The swine must originate from a NAIS premises and the receiving premises in Colorado shall have a NAIS premises. Swine shall have either individual unique identification or group identification. Breeding swine must originate from herds not known to be infected with pseudorabies and shall originate from a Stage V Free status state.
D.	Swine imported into the State of Colorado for feeding purposes must be qualified by one of the following methods prior to entry:
1.	Originate from a state designated as Stage V Free status; or
2.	Originate from a qualified pseudorabies negative herd; or
3.	Be tested for pseudorabies within 30 days prior to entry.
E.	Breeding swine which originate from Stage V Free status states that have a significant feral swine population, as determined by the State Veterinarian, may be required to be negative to an approved pseudorabies test within 30 days of entry into Colorado.
V.	Livestock Markets
A.	Swine consigned to an approved market shall be individually or group identified in accordance with the NAIS standards. 
B.	A livestock market shall record all identification of swine presented for sale and the swine identification listed on all purchase sheets. 
C.	Feeding and breeding swine originating from markets or concentration points cannot move to a Colorado market for sale. 
D.	Diseased swine or swine exposed to an infectious or contagious disease cannot be offered for sale at a Colorado market. 
VI.	Swine Slaughter
A.	Swine consigned to federally inspected slaughtering establishments for immediate slaughter shall be accompanied by a valid certificate of veterinary inspection.
B.	Swine originating from a pseudorabies quarantined premises, area or state are not permitted to enter Colorado for slaughter or any other purpose.
VII.	Exhibition Swine
A.	Exhibitions, fairs, and shows that exhibit swine shall be terminal events.
B.	Swine that participate in these events shall be immediately destined for slaughter or a sale for slaughter only, after the event. 
C.	The event personnel shall be prepared to provide evidence that all participating swine arrive at a slaughter plant or at a sale restricted for direct slaughter only.
D.	Swine that are shipped to exhibitions, fairs, and shows must be accompanied by a certificate of veterinary inspection. This is in addition to all other requirements listed in this section. Swine used for racing, petting zoo or other recreational activities shall meet the same requirements.
E.	Swine breeding exhibitions, fairs, shows, and out of state participants must meet the importation requirements of Section IV.A., B., and C. 
VIII.	Swine Brucellosis
A.	Breeding swine over 180 days of age, prior to import into Colorado, must be tested and negative for brucellosis except animals originating from a Validated Brucellosis Free state, as defined in the UM&R or from a currently validated herd with the herd number shown on the health certificate.
B.	Breeding swine residing in or imported into Colorado shall meet all other Brucellosis regulations as in the APHIS 91-55-042, Swine Brucellosis Control and Eradication, Uniform Methods and Rules, April 1998.
IX.	Cooking of Garbage to Prevent Swine Disease
A.	No person may feed garbage to swine without approval from the state veterinarian. Guidelines for cooking garbage are as follows:
1.	Entire mass must be brought to the boiling point and held at that point for a period of not less than 30 minutes.
2.	A recording thermometer shall be used and maintained with dated charts for examination by a representative of the Department, and be kept on file for a period of not less than 90 days. Each chart shall bear thereon the name and address of person for whom the garbage was cooked. There shall be no retracing of charts.
B.	The Department may make periodic inspections of garbage-cooking facilities and premises. 
C.	Premises must be open for inspection by a designated representative of the Department, including cooking operations, equipment, and animals, at any reasonable time.
Part 16:	Statements of Basis, Specific Statutory Authority and Purpose
I.	Adopted: September 14, 2005 – Effective: December 1, 2005
The statutory authority for this rule is C.R.S. 35-50-101-133, The Livestock Health Act.
The basis of this rule is to implement Senate Bill 05-024 titled The Livestock Health Act. This law repealed and reenacted authorities of the State Veterinarian to control and prevent livestock diseases. The law granted the State Veterinarian new authorities, most notably the authority to order a “hold” on all livestock on a premises while tests for the presence of a disease are conducted. The law also removed from statute language dealing with specific livestock diseases and granted the Colorado Commissioner of Agriculture the authority to adopt rules to control diseases. 
Part 1 of this rule establishes procedures and requirements for the issuance of Certificates of Veterinary Inspection. These certificates offer proof that an animal is free from clinical signs of specific diseases and documents vaccinations and tests that may have been administered.
Part 2 establishes a commuter agreement process whereby existing breeding herds from border states are shipped into Colorado and later return to the herd of origin. This Part facilitates cross-border shipments that recur for grazing on a regular basis.
Part 3 establishes measures to prevent bovine tuberculosis, a disease that can be transmitted from cattle to other warm blooded mammals. The measures are designed to achieve continual eradication of bovine tuberculosis through herd testing and surveillance at slaughter plants.
Part 4 creates a process to control brucella ovis, a bacterium that causes a highly infectious disease affecting breeding rams known as ram epididymitis which causes infertility. Without an effective vaccine, management of the disease relies on surveillance of rams within herds. This part sets out surveillance requirements for movement of rams from one flock to another.
Part 5 creates a process to maintain Colorado’s Certified Brucellosis Free Status and further reduce the possibility of infection to cattle and bison in Colorado. This Part establishes surveillance and vaccination requirements on cattle and bison herds.
Part 6 deals with an infectious disease that threatens Colorado’s horse industry. Equine infectious anemia (EIA) is an infectious and potentially fatal disease without an effective vaccine or treatment regimen. This Part establishes an EIA surveillance process and disease control mechanism.
Part 7 creates a surveillance and testing program for swine herds to control pseudorabies and swine brucellosis. Pseudorabies is a viral disease most prevalent in swine that can also affect cattle, horses, sheep and other mammals that causes reproductive problems and can be fatal to newborn swine. Swine brucellosis is caused by the bacterium Brucella suis that causes reproductive and other problems.
Part 8 of this rule deals with trichomoniasis and was previously adopted. The provisions are moved to this rule.
Pursuant to Section 24-4-103(12.5) of the Administrative Procedures Act, Section 24-4-101 et seq. C.R.S. (2004), the Colorado Department of Agriculture will comply with the following rules, codes or standards, which are incorporated herein by reference: Swine Brucellosis Control/Eradication, State-Federal-Industry, Uniform Methods and Rules, USDA APHIS Bulletin No. 91-55-042, issued April 1998; Brucellosis Eradication, Uniform Methods and Rules, USDA APHIS Bulletin No. 91-45-013, effective October 1, 2003; Pseudorabies Eradication State-Federal-Industry Program Standards, USDA APHIS Bulletin No. 91-55-071, effective November 1, 2003; Bovine Tuberculosis Eradication, Uniform Methods and Rules, USDA APHIS Bulletin No. 91-45-011, effective January 1, 2005; 9CFR § 161 (2002), Requirements and Standards for Accredited Veterinarians and Suspension or Revocation of Such Accreditation; and 9 CFR 93-427 (c) (2005), Cattle From Mexico. 
This rule does not include later amendments or additions of the incorporated material. Information on obtaining copies of these incorporated materials may be found by contacting the Director of the Division of Animal Industry, Colorado Department of Agriculture, 710 Kipling Street, Suite 202, Lakewood, Colorado 80215. The incorporated materials may be examined at any state publications depository library.
II.	Adopted: November 13, 2006 – Effective: November 13, 2006
The Colorado Department of Agriculture adopts the following emergency rules according to its authority as found in Colo. Rev. Stat. § 35-50-105, et seq., and 24-4-103(6).
STATEMENT OF PURPOSE AND COMPLIANCE WITH COLO. REV. STAT. § 24-4-103(6).
The Colorado Department of Agriculture finds that immediate adoption of these rules is imperatively necessary for preservation of public health, safety or welfare and that compliance with the rulemaking requirements of § 24-4-103, C.R.S., would be contrary to the public interest. 
Equine Viral Arteritis (EVA) is a contagious disease of horses that is caused by the equine arterits virus (EAV). At this point, most of the Colorado equine population has yet to be exposed. The commencement of immediate testing to identify pre-antibody receiving mares and stallions and to locate those already infected/affected with/by EAV is of the utmost importance to ensure the continued safety and health of Colorado’s equine population. Therefore, adoption of these emergency rules is imperative.
Without the adoption of these emergency rules, the public’s interest is not served. Wherefore, the Colorado Department of Agriculture, pursuant to § 24-4-103(6), C.R.S., has an obvious and stated need to enact these rules.
Statements of Basis, Specific Statutory Authority and Purpose
The statutory authority of this rule lies in § 35-50-105, et seq., C.R.S., 2005, specifically 35-50-105 (3)(f), (g) and (h), C.R.S., 2005, which grants authority to the Commissioner of Agriculture, with the approval of the Colorado Agricultural Commission, to set standards and requirements for testing livestock for infectious or contagious diseases and to set similar requirements for the vaccination of livestock to control infectious diseases. The Commissioner is further authorized to set standards and requirements for surveillance, testing, or implementation of other disease control measures.
The basis of this rule lies in the importance of controlling contagious disease among horses and other equine species and to facilitate commerce among citizens of Colorado and other states and countries. Equine viral arteritis (EVA) is a highly communicable disease spread among horses in two different manners. Infected equines with clinical signs of EVA can infect other equines by aerosol discharges from the mouth or nose. Male equines that have contracted EVA can then spread the disease to females by breeding or by artificial insemination. Therefore EVA is spread through both direct and venereal routes among equines. There is no direct treatment for the veneral disease, and therefore, male equines with the disease may have restricted ability to breed during the remaining period of their lives.
The purpose of this rule is to establish a widely accepted protocol for EVA disease control methods, testing, vaccination and record keeping requirements. This rule will enable owners of equines to contract for breeding their equines with increased confidence that EVA vaccination, testing, and disease control standards remain in effect in Colorado.
III.	Adopted: January 4, 2007 – Effective: January 4, 2007
The Colorado Department of Agriculture adopts the following emergency rules according to its authority as found in Colo. Rev. Stat. § 35-50-105, et seq., and 24-4-103(6). These rules be effective on January 4, 2007.
STATEMENT OF PURPOSE AND COMPLIANCE WITH COLO. REV. STAT. § 24-4-103(6).
The Colorado Department of Agriculture finds that immediate adoption of these rules is imperatively necessary for preservation of public health, safety or welfare and that compliance with the rulemaking requirements of § 24-4-103, C.R.S., would be contrary to the public interest. 
Equine Viral Arteritis (EVA) is a contagious disease of horses that is caused by the equine arterits virus (EAV). At this point, most of the Colorado equine population has yet to be exposed. The commencement of immediate testing to identify pre-antibody receiving mares and stallions and to locate those already infected/affected with/by EAV is of the utmost importance to ensure the continued safety and health of Colorado’s equine population. New Mexico, has reported confirmed cases of EVA. Because of New Mexico’s proximate closeness to Colorado and because the breeding season is currently active, adoption of these emergency rules is imperatively necessary for preservation of public health, safety and welfare.
Without the adoption of these emergency rules, the public’s interest is not served. Wherefore, the Colorado Department of Agriculture, pursuant to § 24-4-103(6), C.R.S., has an obvious and stated need to enact these rules.
Statements of Basis, Specific Statutory Authority and Purpose
The statutory authority of this rule lies in § 35-50-105, et seq., C.R.S., 2005, specifically 35-50-105 (3)(f), (g) and (h), C.R.S., 2005, which grants authority to the Commissioner of Agriculture, with the approval of the Colorado Agricultural Commission, to set standards and requirements for testing livestock for infectious or contagious diseases and to set similar requirements for the vaccination of livestock to control infectious diseases. The Commissioner is further authorized to set standards and requirements for surveillance, testing, or implementation of other disease control measures.
The basis of this rule lies in the importance of controlling contagious disease among horses and other equine species and to facilitate commerce among citizens of Colorado and other states and countries. Equine viral arteritis (EVA) is a highly communicable disease spread among horses in two different manners. Infected equines with clinical signs of EVA can infect other equines by aerosol discharges from the mouth or nose. Male equines that have contracted EVA can then spread the disease to females by breeding or by artificial insemination. Therefore EVA is spread through both direct and venereal routes among equines. There is no direct treatment for the veneral disease, and therefore, male equines with the disease may have restricted ability to breed during the remaining period of their lives.
The purpose of this rule is to establish a widely accepted protocol for EVA disease control methods, testing, vaccination and record keeping requirements. This rule will enable owners of equines to contract for breeding their equines with increased confidence that EVA vaccination, testing, and disease control standards remain in effect in Colorado. 
IV.	Adopted: January 4, 2007 – Effective: March 4, 2007
The Colorado Department of Agriculture adopts the following rules according to its authority as found in Colo. Rev. Stat. § 35-50-105, et seq.
Statements of Basis, Specific Statutory Authority and Purpose
The statutory authority of this rule lies in § 35-50-105, et seq., C.R.S., 2005, specifically 35-50-105 (3)(f), (g) and (h), C.R.S., 2005, which grants authority to the Commissioner of Agriculture, with the approval of the Colorado Agricultural Commission, to set standards and requirements for testing livestock for infectious or contagious diseases and to set similar requirements for the vaccination of livestock to control infectious diseases. The Commissioner is further authorized to set standards and requirements for surveillance, testing, or implementation of other disease control measures.
The basis of this rule lies in the importance of controlling contagious disease among horses and other equine species and to facilitate commerce among citizens of Colorado and other states and countries. Equine viral arteritis (EVA) is a highly communicable disease spread among horses in two different manners. Infected equines with clinical signs of EVA can infect other equines by aerosol discharges from the mouth or nose. Male equines that have contracted EVA can then spread the disease to females by breeding or by artificial insemination. Therefore EVA is spread through both direct and venereal routes among equines. There is no direct treatment for the veneral disease, and therefore, male equines with the disease may have restricted ability to breed during the remaining period of their lives.
The purpose of this rule is to establish a widely accepted protocol for EVA disease control methods, testing, vaccination and record keeping requirements. This rule will enable owners of equines to contract for breeding their equines with increased confidence that EVA vaccination, testing, and disease control standards remain in effect in Colorado.
V.	Adopted: July 31, 2008 – Effective: August 1, 2008
SPECIFIC STATUTORY AUTHORITY:
The specific statutory authority of this rule is § 35-50-105(3)(c), C.R.S., which grants authority to the Commissioner of Agriculture, upon approval of the Colorado Agricultural Commission, to adopt rules related to the health standards for importation of livestock into the State of Colorado. With approval from the Colorado Agricultural Commission, the Commissioner of Agriculture adopts this rule as an emergency rule pursuant to § 24-4-103(6), C.R.S. 
Statement of Emergency Purpose
The Colorado Commissioner of Agriculture, with approval of the Colorado Agricultural Commission, finds that immediate adoption of this rule is imperatively necessary for preservation of public health, safety or welfare and that compliance with the rulemaking requirements of § 24-4-103, C.R.S., would be contrary to the public’s interest. 
This rule creates a standardized method by which the Commissioner of Agriculture, through the Colorado State Veterinarian, may identify feedlots in the State of Colorado that are approved to import livestock that come from states whose regulated disease statuses may be different from those in Colorado. Specifically, the rule identifies the requirements for a feedlot to attain and maintain a registration and the methods to apply for a registration. In addition, the rule obviates the need for import testing or vaccination in livestock that come from states with different regulated disease statutes prior to importation. 
The overall purpose of this rule is to protect both the economic vitality of Colorado’s feedlots while continuing to protect the state’s livestock producers from diseases that are currently eradicated or controlled within the state. 
Immediate implementation of this rule is necessary to protect the economic viability of Colorado’s livestock producers.
Factual and Policy Issues
The factual and policy issues encountered when developing these rules include: 
Recent changes in neighboring states’ regulated disease status have made it difficult and expensive for feedlots within the state to import certain livestock for the purpose of finishing at a feedlot prior to sending to slaughter. An import ban on livestock from states that have lost certain disease regulation status or that have lower disease control requirements than Colorado makes it difficult for feedlots to import the numbers of livestock needed to maintain economic vitality. At the same time, importing cattle from states that have different statuses could be harmful to Colorado’s breeding herd and Colorado’s livestock producers. 
The Commissioner of Agriculture, in tandem with representatives from industry groups and the State Veterinarian’s Office, recognized that the dual goal of protecting Colorado’s livestock producers while providing feedlots a method to remain competitive could be achieved. This rule establishes a uniform method to identify those feedlots that are eligible to import livestock from states with different regulated disease statuses.
The rule permits immediate importation of livestock from neighboring states whose regulated disease status have changed with minimal output cost to the Colorado feedlot. In addition, this rule maintains the important protections provided to Colorado’s livestock producers and breeding stock from diseases that are controlled or eradicated from within the State of Colorado.
VI.	Adopted: September 9, 2008 – Effective: October 30, 2008
SPECIFIC STATUTORY AUTHORITY:
The specific statutory authority of this rule is § 35-50-105(3)(c), C.R.S., which grants authority to the Commissioner of Agriculture, upon approval of the Colorado Agricultural Commission, to adopt rules related to the health standards for importation of livestock into the State of Colorado. With approval from the Colorado Agricultural Commission, the Commissioner of Agriculture adopts this rule pursuant to § 24-4-103(4), C.R.S. 
Statement of Purpose
The adoption of this rule makes permanent emergency rules and renumbers parts of the rule as appropriate.
This rule creates a standardized method by which the Commissioner of Agriculture, through the Colorado State Veterinarian, may identify feedlots in the State of Colorado that are approved to import livestock that come from states whose regulated disease statuses may be different from those in Colorado. Specifically, the rule identifies the requirements for a feedlot to attain and maintain a registration and the methods to apply for a registration. In addition, the rule obviates the need for import testing or vaccination in livestock that come from states with different regulated disease statutes prior to importation. 
The overall purpose of this rule is to protect both the economic vitality of Colorado’s feedlots while continuing to protect the state’s livestock producers from diseases that are currently eradicated or controlled within the state. 
Implementation of this rule is necessary to protect the economic viability of Colorado’s livestock producers.
Factual and Policy Issues
The factual and policy issues encountered when developing these rules include: 
Recent changes in neighboring states’ regulated disease status have made it difficult and expensive for feedlots within the state to import certain livestock for the purpose of finishing at a feedlot prior to sending to slaughter. An import ban on livestock from states that have lost certain disease regulation status or that have lower disease control requirements than Colorado makes it difficult for feedlots to import the numbers of livestock needed to maintain economic vitality. At the same time, importing cattle from states that have different statuses could be harmful to Colorado’s breeding herd and Colorado’s livestock producers. 
The Commissioner of Agriculture, in tandem with representatives from industry groups and the State Veterinarian’s Office, recognized that the dual goal of protecting Colorado’s livestock producers while providing feedlots a method to remain competitive could be achieved. This rule establishes a uniform method to identify those feedlots that are eligible to import livestock from states with different regulated disease statuses.
The rule permits importation of livestock from neighboring states whose regulated disease status have changed with minimal output cost to the Colorado feedlot. In addition, this rule maintains the important protections provided to Colorado’s livestock producers and breeding stock from diseases that are controlled or eradicated from within the State of Colorado.
VII.	Adopted: March 18, 2010 – Effective: April 30, 2010
SPECIFIC STATUTORY AUTHORITY:
The specific statutory authority of this rule is located in §§ 35-50-105(3)(a), (b), (c), (f), (h), (j), (n), (p), and (q), C.R.S., which cumulatively grant authority to the Commissioner of Agriculture, upon approval of the Colorado Agricultural Commission, to adopt rules related to designations of livestock disease for control and reporting purposes; health standards for importation of livestock; livestock testing for contagious or infectious disease; standards for disease surveillance among and in livestock; the form and manner of disease reporting; standards and requirements for disease prevention; and livestock disease prevention.
Purpose
The purpose of this rule change is to update the rule to clarify definitions, strengthen testing procedures and guidelines, and implement an improved risk-based approach in preventing and controlling Bovine Trichomoniasis, also known as Trich.
The changes reflected in this rule-making represent new developments in the science of veterinary medical diagnostics and in the application of that science to better prevent and control the identified disease. In addition, these changes addressed the concerns of the livestock industry to mitigate the prevalence and economic implications of Trichomoniasis to the Colorado cattle industry. 
Changes to the definitions of the rule add terms that have been identified and adopted in other parts of the Livestock Disease Control rules. In addition, changes in the definitions section amend previously adopted definitions to create consistency within the entire Livestock Disease Control rules. Further changes identify alternate official tests that may be used to identify Trich and reduce producers’ costs in the testing and release of quarantined herds, and formatting changes within the definitions provide consistency and clarity to terms used throughout this part of the livestock disease control rules.
The “Import Rules” section of this part underwent changes to place more stringent requirements on the import of cattle and to ensure that sample collection and testing procedures apply the most recent scientific understanding to better prevent and control the disease prior to import. The rules within this section are re-organized for ease of reading and clarity of thoughts. Minor changes to testing requirements amend previous requirements so as to assure more accurate test results. Finally, changes throughout the section clarify disease control requirements for breeding females, bulls, commuter-permitted bovines, and bovines at public livestock auctions.
Changes throughout the rule also allow for virgin bull affidavits as an alternative to testing bulls that are 12 to 18 months of age that have no history of sexual contact, thereby implementing a risk-based approach that reduces the testing requirements, the testing costs, and the risk of injury to cattle, owners/operators, and veterinarians. Changes to the “Approved Laboratory Responsibilities” and “Approved Veterinarian” conform to law, removing requirements that the State Veterinarian could not legally enforce.
Factual and Policy Issues
The factual and policy issues encountered when developing these rules include: 
The reviewers found that since the inception of this rule several years back, updates in the science related to testing for Trich and updates in general knowledge related to the prevention of the disease rendered portions of the previous rule unnecessary to accomplish the same goals. The veterinary scientific community identified ways to improve the accuracy of testing by making improvements to the sampling procedure and testing protocol, which improvements are reflected in the rule changes. The reviewers identified risks to field veterinarians who were performing sample collections on bulls and the dangers associated with repeated collections from bulls that had previously been sampled. At least one veterinarian had been seriously injured while collecting samples from a previously sampled bull. Additionally, the reviewers found that due to the newer diagnostic tests and capabilities, fewer tests were required to release a Trich quarantined herd as repeated testing of the same animals would not yield any more conclusive results. Therefore, the new testing protocol allowed in the rule will produce a more accurate test with less risk to producers and veterinarians. 
Other issues that the reviewers considered include the fact that other definitions throughout the “Livestock Disease Control” rules had been amended or changed entirely. Part of the effort with this rule-making was to bring this rule into closer conformity to other parts within the “Livestock Disease Control” rules as a whole.
Finally, the reviewers found it necessary to amend requirements for bulls known to be virgin bulls such that an owner’s affidavit would sufficiently and satisfactorily confirm the virgin status of their bulls without additional testing. Doing so will not increase the risk of spread of the disease because a risk-based testing approach to this age group of breeding bulls is already in place. Further, allowing affidavits will remove an undue financial burden on the livestock producers in testing all of their young bulls. Lastly, requiring the testing of virgin bulls over 18 months of age will increase disease surveillance and better control and prevent the disease. 
The changes in these rules reflect the most up-to-date scientific studies, research, and knowledge available and apply that science in a manner that protects Colorado’s livestock industry while encouraging and maintaining a healthy and robust livestock sector within Colorado’s economy.
VIII.	Adopted: November 12, 2014 – Effective: December 30, 2014
SPECIFIC STATUTORY AUTHORITY
The specific statutory authority of this rule is located in §§ 35-50-105(3)(a) through (d), (f), (h), (j), (n), (p), and (q), C.R.S., which cumulatively grant authority to the Commissioner of Agriculture, upon approval by the Colorado Agricultural Commission, to adopt rules related to designations of livestock disease for control and reporting purposes; health standards for importation of livestock; standards for livestock health certificates; livestock testing for contagious or infectious disease; standards for disease surveillance among and in livestock; the forma and manner of disease reporting; standards and requirements for disease prevention; and livestock disease prevention.
Purpose
The purpose of this rule-making is to provide revisions to portions of the current Livestock Disease Control rules that will make the rules easier to read and understand while updating the rules to reflect changes in disease detection, surveillance, testing, and monitoring. These changes in this rule-making reflect the efforts of the reviewers to achieve the dual goal of protecting Colorado’s livestock industry from disease while providing an environment where that industry may thrive.
In this rule-making, the reviewers focused on Parts 1, 2, 3, 5, 9, and 10. Generally, duplicative definitions from the rule were moved to an opening section, “Definitions.” This section will apply to the entire rule except where a more specific definition remains or is set forth within a specific Part. Throughout the changed rules, the reviewers sought to clarify sentences, update language, removed duplicative terms, and increase readability.
Factual Policy and Issues
Since the time that these rules were last reviewed, the USDA has finalized its disease traceability requirements. The changes to USDA’s rules effected changes in these rules. These changes come into these rules in new definitions and in changes to requirements for CVIs, movement between states, and movement between Approved Feedlots.
Additionally, these rule changes represent the most current veterinary science related to disease transmissibility, prevention, and monitoring.
These revisions incorporate changes as a result of the Department’s Regulatory Efficiency Review Process conducted in accordance with the Governor’s Executive Order D 2012-002.
IX.	Adopted June 8, 2016 – Effective July 30, 2016
Specific Statutory Authority
The specific statutory authority of this Rule is located in §§ 35-50-105(3)(a), (d), (f), and (h), C.R.S., which cumulatively grant authority to the Commissioner of Agriculture, upon approval by the Colorado Agricultural Commission, to adopt Rules related to designations of livestock disease for control and reporting purposes; standards and requirements for testing livestock for infectious or contagious diseases; standards for livestock health certificates; standards for disease surveillance among and in livestock; standards and requirements for disease prevention; and livestock disease prevention.
Purpose
The purpose of this rule-making is to move relevant Rule provisions that are currently in 8 CCR 1201-1 “Health Requirements Governing Livestock and Poultry” into 8 CCR 1201-19 to permit that 8 CCR 1201-1 be repealed in their entirety.
Specifically, the changes to this Rule add a definition for “zoological park”; incorporate 8 CCR 1201-1’s exceptions to livestock that require a certificate of veterinary inspection into 8 CCR 1201-19; set forth the certificate of veterinary requirements for non-livestock animals, animals going to zoological parks, and wildlife; incorporate 8 CCR 1201-1’s bovine dairy herd tuberculosis testing and accreditation into 8 CCR 1201-19. These revisions incorporate changes as a result of the Department’s Regulatory Efficiency Review Process.
Factual Policy and Issues
8 CCR 1201-1 was originally adopted in the 1950s. Most of that Rule were repealed with the enactment of § 35-50-101, et seq. This rule-making was important to streamline all Rules regarding livestock health into one Rule.